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Home
» Monuments in India »
Humayun's Tomb, Delhi
Humayun's Tomb, Delhi
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The mughals brought with them a love for gardens, fountains
and water. The first mature example of Mughal architecture in
India, Humayun's Tomb was built by the emperor's grieving widow,
Haji Begum, in 1565 AD.
Constructed with red sandstone and ornamented marks the beginning
of a new tradition of ornate style which culminated in the Taj
Mahal of Agra.
Designed by the Persian architect, Mirza Ghyas, Humayun's Tomb
shows a marked shift from the Persian tradition of using coloured
tiles for ornamentation.
Located in the midst of a large square garden, screened by high
walls, with gateways to the south and west, the tomb is a square
tower surmounted by a magnificent marble dome. The dome stands
140 feet from the base of the terrace and is topped with a copper
pinnacle.
In addition to the remains of Humayun, the complex also houses
the grave of many other distinguished members of the Mughal
dynasty.
The first Mughal Emperor, Babur, was succeeded by his son, Humayun,
who ruled in India for a decade but was expelled. Eventually
he took refuge with the Safavid shah of Persia, who helped him
regain Delhi in 1555, the year before his death. Humayun's Persian
wife, Hamida Begum, supervised the construction from 1562-1572
of her husband's tomb in Delhi.
The architect, Mirak Mirza Ghiyuath, was Persian and had previously
designed buildings in Herat (now northwest Afghanistan), Bukhara
(now Uzbekistan), and elsewhere in India. The location chosen
for the building on the bank of the Yamuna river adjoins the
shrine of an important Sufi Chistiyya order saint, Nizam al-Din
Awliya.
The Chistiyya was particularly venerated by the Mughals; Humayun's
son, Akbar, would build his new palace at Fatehpur Sikri next
to the shrine of another saint of the Chistiyya order. The tomb
established some of the important norms for later Mughal mausolea.
It is set in a geometrically arranged garden criscrossed by
numerous water channels and probably representing symbolically
a paradise setting.
Such typical Persian gardens had been introduced into India
by Babur; later they would be found in the Red Fort in Delhi
and at the Taj Mahal in Agra. The architectural form of the
building is Persian and especially in its main chamber shows
some familiarity with the tomb of the Mongol Ilkhanid ruler
of Persia, Oljeytu, at Sultaniyya.
It is one of a long line of Mughal buildings influenced by Timurid
architecture, notably the tomb of Timur (Tamerlane) in Samarkand.
Babur was proud of his Timurid heritage and deeply regretted
his inability to hold Samarkand. His successors continued to
dream of regaining Samarkand and would interrogate visitors
about Timur's tomb.
Humayun's tomb is the first Indian building to use the Persian
double dome; it is noteworthy for its harmonious proportions.
As with later Mughal tombs, that of Humayun is set upon a podium
or platform (see another example in the Taj Mahal).
The most obvious Indian features of the architecture are the
small kiosks or chhatris on the roof. The building is also noteworthy
for its inlaid tile work, carving embodying both Indian and
Persian decorative elements, and its carved stone screens.
Prudent Networks offers online reservation for Humayun's
Tomb, Delhi India. For details
please fill up the Enquiry Form provided below.
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